Wow.. what an enormous question you have asked. HAARP was originally a testbed experiment to help the U.S. and western powers to begin to quickly catch up with the huge lead that the Soviets had in electromagnetics and scalar interferometry.
You could study this concept for days and days. But, to get you started to begin to understand the concept of scalar waves and the technologies that use these little beasts (or angels, depends on your point of view).. I would recommend Dr. Tom Bearden's website.
http://www.cheniere.org/images/weapons/index.html
But first a warning ---- you will NOT sleep well once you have learned about this Pandora's Box technology. Please take this slowly and don't overwhelm yourself.
Best to you!
Vance